How High AQI Levels Can Impact Pregnant Women and Unborn Babies
Northern India, especially the National Capital Region, is currently grappling with dangerously high Air Quality Index (AQI) levels. While immediate symptoms like coughing, sneezing, and watery eyes are common, the long-term health impacts of elevated AQI levels, particularly for pregnant women and their unborn babies, can be severe.
Air pollution, as measured by AQI, has been proven to negatively affect the health of both mothers and fetuses. Pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, nitrogen dioxide, and ozone are major contributors to these risks. Experts warn that exposure to high AQI levels during pregnancy can lead to a range of complications.
Dr. Juhi Patel, a Consultant Obstetrician and Gynecologist, explains that “the harmful effects of high AQI levels, especially from particulate matter and ozone, can result in complications like preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental delays in the baby.”
Research shows that pregnant women exposed to high pollution levels are more likely to experience preterm labor and deliver babies with low birth weights, both of which are linked to long-term health issues. Furthermore, these pollutants can hinder fetal growth and cause inflammation, which may cross the placental barrier and increase the risk of respiratory issues like asthma in the child later in life.
Dr. Patel also emphasizes that exposure during the third trimester is particularly concerning, as it has been associated with a higher risk of neurodevelopmental issues, including autism and cognitive delays.
In addition, high AQI levels are connected to an increased risk of preeclampsia, a condition characterized by high blood pressure during pregnancy, which can lead to serious complications for both mother and baby.
To safeguard their health and that of their unborn child, Dr. Patel advises pregnant women to monitor local AQI levels, limit outdoor activities during periods of high pollution, and use air purifiers when pollution levels are particularly high.
Dr. Sharwari D. Dua, a Consultant Physician and Endocrinologist, also highlighted the neurodevelopmental risks associated with air pollution. “Air pollution is a preventable risk factor that can significantly impact a child’s healthy neurodevelopment,” she noted.
In light of these risks, it is crucial for pregnant women to take steps to minimize exposure to air pollution, especially during periods of high AQI, to protect their own health and that of their babies.